As opposed to an inverter, a rectifier is a device used to convert an Alternating Current (AC) into a Direct Current (DC) by forcing the current to flow through the device in a single direction. Working Principle: It works by allowing current to flow through different pairs of diodes Grid Tie Inverter Working Principle: It converts direct current (DC). . This book presents a nonmathematical explanation of the theory and design of PV solar cells and systems. It is written to address several audiences: engineers and scientists who desire an introduction to the field of photovoltaics, students interested in PV science and technology, and end users who. . When light shines on a photovoltaic (PV) cell – also called a solar cell – that light may be reflected, absorbed, or pass right through the cell. The PV cell is composed of semiconductor material; the “semi” means that it can conduct electricity better than an insulator but not as well as a good. . The basic function of bypass diodes in solar cells is to protect against hot spot damage when the photovoltaic panel is partially shaded by snow, fallen leaves, or other obstructions, as shown in Fig. At its core, PV relies on the principle of the photovoltaic effect, where certain materials generate an electric current when exposed to sunlight.