Across industries, the growing dependence on battery pack energy storage has underscored the importance of bat-tery management systems (BMSs) that can ensure maximum performance, safe operation, and optimal lifespan under diverse charge-discharge and environmental conditions. . Re:Build Battery Solutions develops advanced Battery Management Systems (BMS) that optimize safety, performance, and efficiency for lithium-ion battery packs across aerospace, automotive, industrial, and energy storage applications. Yet, developing a BMS has become increasingly complex. ABSTRACT | The current electric grid is an inefficient system current state of the art for modeling in BMS and the advanced that wastes significant amounts of the electricity it. . There is a rising market requirement for effective and reliable BMS systems, arising from the use of electric automobiles and renewable energy storage systems (RESSs). Allied Market Research states that the BMS market size around the globe was $7. 5 billion in 2022 and is expected to reach $41. .